进入大学，又到了向周围的人推荐国际象棋的时候了。以下是行棋规则

Objective: To checkmate your opponent’s King. This means the King is under attack and cannot escape.（目标： 将死 对方的王。即对方的王在你的棋子攻击下无路可逃。）

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1. The Board & Setup（棋盘与摆法）

• The board has 64 squares, alternating light and dark.（棋盘有64个方格，深色或浅色。）
• The bottom-right square from each player’s perspective must be a light one.（棋盘右下角必须是浅色格。）
• Setup (from White’s perspective, back rank to front):
  • Back rank: Rook, Knight, Bishop, Queen, King, Bishop, Knight, Rook.Front rank: Eight Pawns.
• （摆法（从白方视角看）：车马象后王象马车，前排是八个兵。）

2. How Pieces Move（棋子走法）

• King: Moves one square in any direction.
• 王：横、竖、斜每次走一格。（绝不能进入被攻击的区域）

• Queen: Moves any number of squares horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. (Most powerful piece)
• 后：横、竖、斜走任意格数。（最强棋子）

• Rook: Moves any number of squares horizontally or vertically.
• 车：横、竖走任意格数。

• Bishop: Moves any number of squares diagonally. (Stays on same color squares)
• 象：斜走任意格数。（始终在同色格）

• Knight: Moves in an “L-shape” (two squares in one direction, then one perpendicular). It can jump over other pieces.
• 马：走“日”字（两格一拐），可以跳过其他棋子。

• Pawn:
  • Moves: Forward one square. On its first move, it can optionally move forward two squares.
  • Captures: Diagonally forward one square.
• 兵：
  • 走：只能向前直走。第一次移动可选择走一格或两格，之后每次只能走一格。
  • 吃：向斜前方一格吃子。

3. Special Rules（特殊规则）

• En Passant: If a pawn moves two squares forward and lands beside an opponent’s pawn, the opponent can immediately capture it as if it had only moved one square.
• 吃过路兵：敌方兵第一次走两格时，若经过我方兵的攻击范围，我方可立即斜走吃掉它，就像它只走了一格一样。
• Promotion: When a pawn reaches the opposite end of the board, it must be promoted to a Queen, Rook, Bishop, or Knight (almost always a Queen).
• 兵升变：兵到达对方底线时，必须升变为后、车、象或马中的一种（通常是变后）。
• Castling: A move that involves both the King and a Rook. Each player can do this once per game.
  • Conditions: The King and the chosen Rook must never have moved; there must be no pieces between them; the King cannot be in check; the squares the King moves across and onto must not be under attack.
  • How: The King moves two squares toward the Rook, and the Rook moves to the square the King skipped over.
• 王车易位：一局棋中，每位玩家有一次权利同时移动王和车。
  • 条件：王和参与易位的车都从未移动过；王没有被将军；王经过和到达的格不受攻击。
  • 方法：王向车的方向移动两格，车则越过王，放在王紧邻的格子上。

4. Winning & Drawing（胜负与和棋）

• Win: By achieving checkmate.
• 胜：将死对方的王。
• Draw (Tie):
  • Stalemate: It is a player’s turn, their King is not in check, but they have no legal moves.
  • Mutual agreement.
  • Threefold repetition of the same board position.
  • Insufficient material to checkmate (e.g., King vs. King).
• 和：
  • 逼和：轮到一方走棋，他的王没有被将军，但没有任何合乎规则的着法可走。
  • 双方同意和棋。
  • 三次重复同一局面。
  • 双方都无力将死对方（如只剩单王对单王）。